Operation Flood Is Related To

Operation Flood launched on 13 January 1970 was the world's largest dairy development program and an influential project of the National Dairy Development Council of India (NDDB). The project transformed India from a milk-deprived country to the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States in 1998 to account for 22.29 percent of world production in. Within 30 years, the program doubled the amount of milk available per capita in India, and made India the largest self-sustaining rural employer in dairy farming.

The program was launched to help farmers direct development and bring control over the wealth they create. The implementation of the plan was achieved through the production of the people; And later this whole process was called the White Revolution. If there was one technological breakthrough in the organized dairy industry in India, it was through the manufacture of skim milk powder from buffalo milk. The man who made this possible was Harichand Megha Dalaya. The engine behind the success of the program was the Anand Pattern test conducted at the dairy cooperative Amul. Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, chairman and founder of Amul, Dr. Virgil Kurienappointed him as the Chairman of the NDDB. Kurien led the program to success and has since been recognized as the architect of the Indian dairy industry.

Amul Dairy Plant at Anand, Gujarat was a highly successful co-operative started during Operation Flood in the 1970s.

Introduction and purpose

Operation Flood is a special program that led to the "White Revolution." It connects producers across India with consumers in more than 700 cities and towns and ensures that producers get a large share of profits by reducing seasonal and regional price variations and eliminating middlemen Gradually, a national milk grid was also created. Operation Flood is based on the village dairy cooperative societies, which purchase milk and provide ancillary services This makes modern management and technology available to all members.

The objectives of Operation Flood included:-

Increased milk production
Increasing rural incomes
Fair price for customers
Increase incomes and reduce poverty among participating farmers while ensuring a continuous supply of milk in return

First phase (1970-1980)

The first phase lasted from the 1970s to the 1980s Financing was provided by the sale of skimmed milk powder and butter oil donated by the European Economic Community (EEC) through the World Food Program (WFP). The NDDB planned the program and negotiated the details with the help of the EEC. During this phase, Operation Flood established mother milk centers in four metros connecting 18 major Indian dairies with customers in major Indian metropolitan areas of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. Operation Flood-1 was initially scheduled to be completed in 1975, but eventually lasted until the end of 1979, at a total cost of Rs 1.16 billion:

To improve organized dairy sector in metropolitan Mumbai (then Bombay), Kolkata (then Calcutta), Chennai (then Madras), Delhi through marketing,

increase producer share in milk market,

accelerate development of dairy animals in rural areas to increase both production and procurement

Phase II (1981-1985)

During the second phase of Operation Flood (1981–1985), the number of dairies was increased from 18 to By the end of 1985, 43,000 villages with 4,250,000 milk producers were covered by the self-sufficient system of cooperatives. Domestic powdered milk production increased from 22,000 tonnes in the year prior to the project to 140,000 tonnes by And all of this growth has come from the dairy plant set up under Operation Flood. Thus, EEC sponsorship and World Bank loans helped promote self-reliance. Producer cooperatives have increased the direct marketing of milk by several million liters a day.

Phase III (1985-1996)

The third phase (1985–1996) enabled dairy cooperatives to expand and strengthen the necessary infrastructure, enabling them to collect and market milk to a greater degree than before. Veterinary primary care healthcare, food, and artificial insemination services for cooperative members were increased, Also, education of members was intensified. The third phase of Operation Flood mobilized the dairy cooperative movement in India and added a new 30,000 dairy cooperatives to the 43,000 cooperatives organized during the second phase. In 1988–89, the number of dairies reached a peak of The number of women members and women's dairy cooperative societies also increased significantly in parallel. The third phase also saw increased emphasis on research and development in animal health and nutrition. Innovations such as the protein diet and the vaccine for theileriasis by bypassing the urea-molasses mineral block contributed to the productivity of dairy animals.

Key features

The major characteristics behind the success of Operation Flood are:

Adoption of new and modern methods of catching and milking cows
Changing the composition of animal feed to better suit conditions
Review of various producer costs on a sliding scale.

Criticism

Critics of the project argue that the emphasis on imported breeds of cattle has led to the destruction of Indian breeds. Foreign varieties yield more, but they require more feed and are not adapted to Indian conditions.